*ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﻱ-ﻟﻮﺳﺎﻙ* ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ
ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ
(ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ : Gay-Lussac's law) ﻳﻨﺺ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺿﻐﻂﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ
ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍ ﻃﺮﺩﻳﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ
ﻋﻨﺪ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ . ﺗﻘﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻔﻦ
ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ . ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻘﺪﻩ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ
. ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻙ ﺷﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﻋﺎﻡ 1787 ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺯﻳﻒ ﺟﺎﻱ-ﻟﻮﺳﺎﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1802 :
ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ
V ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ n ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ : * P \sim T \qquad \qquad \frac{P}{T} = \text{const} \qquad \qquad \frac{P_1}{P_2} = \frac{T_1}{T_2}
ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﻱ-ﻟﻮﺳﺎﻙ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ
ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻨﺒﺄ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ "ﺻﻔﺮﻱ" ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ ، ﺇﺫﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ (ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ). ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻔﻦ
، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﻄﺖ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﻋُﻴﻨﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ.