ﺍﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ، ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ. ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ
ﺗﻘﻴﺲ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ، ﻣﺜﻼً ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ (ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ. ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ) ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ
ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻳﻘﻴﺲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﻤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ (ﺍﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺷﻌﺮﻱ capillary). ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺑﺼﻠﺔ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﺋﺒﻘﺎً ﺃﻭ ﻛﺤﻮﻻ ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺎ. ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﺋﻼﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ـ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﻧﻴﺔ.
* ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ :
ﻣﺤﺮﺍﺭ
ﻃﺒﻲ : ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ، ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻪ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎً ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎً ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻹﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ. ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ: ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﺓً ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ 43 ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ (ﺳﻠﺰﻳﻮﺱ)، ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻋﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ. ﻭ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺿﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺪ ﻭﺗﻜﺒِّﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺔ. ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺨﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﻳﺘﻤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺪﺩ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻓﻊ ﻭﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻩ. ﻭ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻳﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ. ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﺍﺭ
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ:
* ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ.
* ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ ﻭﻳﺘﻘﻠﺺ، ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻠﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺝ (ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻭﻗﺘﺎً ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ).ـ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺴﺨﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً.
* ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ maximum thermometers ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ minimum :
ﻣﺤﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺠﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻠﻮﻏﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ. ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ index ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻟﻲ meniscu ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ. ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﺍﺭ
. ﻭﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ.
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ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺷﻴﻒ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻸﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ.